{"id":3224,"date":"2026-09-23T02:57:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T02:57:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/?p=3224"},"modified":"2026-09-23T02:57:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T02:57:50","slug":"mena-focus-2026%eb%85%84-9%ec%9b%94%ed%98%b8-u-s-secretary-of-state-visits-three-gulf-nations-to-emphasize-security-enhancement-efforts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/?p=3224","title":{"rendered":"[MENA Focus 2026\ub144 9\uc6d4\ud638] The Makkah Pact\u2019s First Test: Houthi Attacks on Saudi Arabia and T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Choice"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\uacb0\uad6d \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uc138 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc704\uae30\uc758 \ube44\uc6a9\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud568\uaed8 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0\ub294 \ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. NATO \ud68c\uc6d0\uad6d\uc774\uc790 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801 \uc911\ub3d9 \uc548\ubcf4 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub97c \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uc559\uce74\ub77c\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uae38 \uac83\uc778\uac00. \uba54\uce74\ud611\uc815\uc758 \uc9c4\uc9dc \ud6a8\ub825\uc740 \uc11c\uba85\ubb38\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uc120\ud0dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0a0 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

The Makkah Pact\u2019s First Test: Houthi Attacks on Saudi Arabia and T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Choice<\/b><\/p>\n

Haeun Han (SNUAC)<\/p>\n

On August 7, 2026, Saudi Arabia, T\u00fcrkiye, and Pakistan signed a joint defence agreement in Mecca, under which an armed attack against one country would be regarded as an attack against all three. The agreement emerged against the backdrop of growing uncertainty in the Middle Eastern security order. As questions have grown over U.S. security commitments and tensions involving Iran and Israel have intensified, the three countries have chosen to build a network that complements their respective weaknesses rather than replaces their existing alliances. Saudi Arabia can diversify its military options, Pakistan can expand its influence in the Gulf, and T\u00fcrkiye can deepen its involvement in the regional security order. Ultimately, the agreement can be seen as an attempt to bring Saudi Arabia\u2019s financial resources and regional influence, Pakistan\u2019s military capabilities and nuclear deterrent, and T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s NATO experience and defence industry into a single security framework.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s role is particularly important. As the only NATO member among the three and a major defence producer of drones, missiles, and naval vessels, T\u00fcrkiye is not seeking to replace NATO with the Makkah agreement. Rather, Ankara seeks to connect Saudi capital with Pakistani military capabilities while expanding its own political influence and defence market within the broader Western security architecture. The first meeting of the Strategic Political and Defence Committee on August 31, which discussed joint technological development and production as well as greater military interoperability, reflected this broader objective.<\/p>\n

Yet only a month after the agreement was signed, this emerging framework faced its first real test. Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia intensified in September, and Saudi authorities announced that they had intercepted a Houthi drone approaching Mecca. The Houthis denied that Mecca had been their target, but on September 20 they launched a ballistic missile toward Riyadh.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s response has also evolved. Ankara initially limited its response to condemning the attacks and expressing solidarity with Saudi Arabia. On September 19, however, Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan stated that T\u00fcrkiye was prepared to help meet Saudi Arabia\u2019s military and technical needs under the Makkah agreement. This did not amount to a commitment to direct military intervention, but it opened the possibility of tangible defence assistance beyond diplomatic support. The Houthis\u2019 warning to T\u00fcrkiye and Pakistan not to support Saudi Arabia also suggests that the agreement has begun to emerge as a real strategic factor.<\/p>\n

The effectiveness of the Makkah agreement has yet to be fully tested. The three countries have established a permanent secretariat and a Strategic Political and Defence Committee and are pursuing joint military exercises and defence-industrial cooperation. Yet Saudi Arabia has not formally requested military intervention, and it remains unclear what level of obligation the collective-defence clause would entail in an actual conflict.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, the central question is whether three countries with different strategic interests are willing to share the costs of a crisis. T\u00fcrkiye stands at the center of that question. As both a NATO member and a country seeking a more autonomous role as a Middle Eastern security actor, how far will Ankara translate its solidarity with Saudi Arabia into action? The real effectiveness of the Makkah agreement will be determined not by what was signed in Mecca, but by the choice T\u00fcrkiye makes when the agreement is put to the test.<\/p>\n

(\ucd9c\ucc98: hurriyetdailynesw.com\/ https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/mecca-agreement-broadens-turkiyes-regional-defense-ties-225370<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

)<\/p>\n

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