{"id":2880,"date":"2025-12-26T10:23:02","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T10:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/?p=2880"},"modified":"2025-12-26T10:32:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T10:32:01","slug":"mena-focus-2025%eb%85%84-12%ec%9b%94%ed%98%b8-the-middle-east-in-2025-israel-and-the-gaza-strip-iran-iraq-lebanon-and-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/?p=2880","title":{"rendered":"[MENA Focus 2025\ub144 12\uc6d4\ud638] The Middle East in 2025: Israel and the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The Middle East in 2025: Israel and the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria<\/b><\/p>\n

Hwang Yuihyun (SNUAC)<\/strong><\/p>\n

2025 was marked by heightened tensions across the eastern Middle East, including Israel and the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. The Gaza War, entering its third year, ended in October with a hostage exchange and a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas, following extensive casualties. Despite this development, numerous unresolved issues remain, casting doubt on the prospects for a comprehensive settlement.<\/p>\n

The United States proposed a postwar reconstruction plan for the Gaza Strip that included the disarmament of Hamas, the establishment of an interim governing body composed of neutral Palestinian figures and international experts, and the deployment of international peacekeeping forces to ensure security. Hamas, however, rejected disarmament, and no clear timetable for peace negotiations was established, leaving the future of Gaza highly uncertain.<\/p>\n

As the conflict in Gaza continued, international criticism of Israel intensified. In August 2025, the European Union announced a review of its trade agreement with Israel, while Germany banned the export of weapons that could be used in the Gaza Strip. In September, the United Kingdom and France formally recognized Palestine as a sovereign state. Nevertheless, Israel persisted in expanding settlements in the West Bank and maintained a hardline policy stance, defying mounting international pressure.<\/p>\n

The Gaza War further escalated into a direct military confrontation between Israel and Iran on June 13, 2025. A surprise Israeli airstrike killed senior Iranian military officials, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps commanders, and nuclear scientists, while severely damaging Iran\u2019s air defense systems. The conflict peaked on June 21, when the United States launched airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities. On the same day, U.S. President Trump announced the destruction of these facilities and declared a ceasefire, temporarily reducing the risk of a broader regional war. However, ongoing nuclear negotiations were suspended as a result of the conflict.<\/p>\n

Iran responded to the Israeli and U.S. attacks by launching ballistic missiles at Israel and striking a U.S. military base in Qatar, declaring victory despite suffering substantial losses. These included the deaths of senior military leaders and nuclear experts, as well as extensive damage to its air defense infrastructure. Perhaps the most significant setback for Iran in 2025 was the weakening of its regional proxy network. Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon were both severely degraded through leadership losses and military setbacks, sharply reducing Iran\u2019s deterrence capacity vis-\u00e0-vis Israel.<\/p>\n

The collapse of the Assad regime in Syria in December 2024 further eroded Iran\u2019s regional influence. Syria announced an interim constitution in March 2025 and held parliamentary elections in October. However, these elections were conducted without full central government control over Kurdish-majority northern regions and Druze-dominated southern areas, raising concerns about their representativeness. Continued large-scale violence in the Alawite coastal region and Druze areas highlighted the Syrian government\u2019s limited capacity to ensure security, leaving the risk of renewed conflict high. Israel\u2019s continued airstrikes, including attacks on Damascus in July, further exacerbated Syria\u2019s security challenges.<\/p>\n

In Lebanon, the weakening of Hezbollah created an opportunity for the state to reassert authority. Following the election of Joseph Aoun as president in January\u2014ending a year-long presidential vacancy\u2014the Lebanese government initiated economic reforms and efforts to disarm Hezbollah. Nonetheless, Hezbollah remains strongly opposed, the state\u2019s institutional capacity remains limited, and entrenched interests benefiting from the existing system are expected to resist reform.<\/p>\n

In Iraq, the Reconstruction and Development Alliance, led by Prime Minister Muhammad al-Sudani, emerged as the largest bloc in the November 2025 parliamentary elections. Public disillusionment with the political establishment was reflected in a low voter turnout of 56%. Iraq\u2019s chronic political challenges\u2014particularly prolonged cabinet formation due to factional bargaining\u2014are likely to resurface, raising the prospect of continued political instability.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc911\ub3d9\uc758 2025\ub144: \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c, \uc774\ub780, \uc774\ub77c\ud06c, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud669\uc758\ud604(\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c)<\/strong><\/p>\n

2025\ub144\uc740 \uc911\ub3d9 \ub3d9\ubd80(\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c, \uc774\ub780, \uc774\ub77c\ud06c, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544)\ub294 \uae34\uc7a5\uc774 \ucd5c\uace0\uc870\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\ub358 \ud574\uc600\ub2e4. 3\ub144\uc9f8\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e0 \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c \uc804\uc7c1\uc740 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc778\uba85 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \ub0a8\uae34 \ucc44 10\uc6d4 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uac00 \uc778\uc9c8 \uad50\ud658\uacfc \ud734\uc804\uc5d0 \ud569\uc758\ud558\uba70 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc885\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ud569\uc758\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc7c1\uc810\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc758 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud574\uc81c, \uc911\ub9bd\uc801 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uad6d\uc81c \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ud1b5\uce58\uae30\uad6c \uad6c\uc131, \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \uce58\uc548\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uad6d\uc81c\ud3c9\ud654\uc720\uc9c0\uad70 \uc8fc\ub454 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace8\uc790\ub85c \ud55c \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c \uc7ac\uac74 \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud574\uc81c\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ud3c9\ud654 \ud611\uc0c1 \uc77c\uc815\ub3c4 \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uc804\ub9dd\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubd88\ud22c\uba85\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c \ubd84\uc7c1 \uc7a5\uae30\ud654\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \ube44\ud310\ub3c4 \uace0\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2025\ub144 8\uc6d4 EU\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \ubb34\uc5ed\ud611\uc815\uc744 \uc7ac\uac80\ud1a0\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc774 \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb34\uae30\uc758 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc218\ucd9c\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. 9\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \uc815\uc2dd \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 \uc11c\uc548\uc9c0\uad6c \uc815\ucc29\ucd0c\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uba70 \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc758\uce58 \uc54a\ub294 \uac15\uacbd\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uace0\uc218\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c \uc804\uc7c1\uc740 2025\ub144 6\uc6d4 13\uc77c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uc774\ub780\uc758 \uc804\uba74\uc801 \ubb34\ub825 \ucda9\ub3cc\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uae30\uc2b5 \uacf5\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub780\uc758 \uad70\ubd80 \ubc0f \ud601\uba85\uc218\ube44\ub300(IRGC) \uace0\uc704 \uc9c0\ud718\uad00\uacfc \ud575\ubd84\uc57c \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0b4\ud574\ub2f9\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub780\uc758 \ubc29\uacf5 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ud070 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5b4 6\uc6d4 21\uc77c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc774 \uc774\ub780 \ud575\uc2dc\uc124\uc5d0 \uacf5\uc2b5\uc744 \uac00\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac08\ub4f1\uc740 \ucd5c\uace0\uc870\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub2e4\ub790\ub2e4. 6\uc6d4 21\uc77c \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uc774\ub780 \ud575\uc2dc\uc124 \ud30c\uad34\uc640 \uc644\uc804 \uc815\uc804(complete ceasefire)\uc744 \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\uba70 \uc804\uba74\uc801 \uc911\ub3d9 \uc804\uc7c1 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc704\ud5d8\uc740 \uac10\uc18c\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucda9\ub3cc \uc9c1\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\ud589 \uc911\uc774\ub358 \ud575\ud611\uc0c1\uc740 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub780\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uacf5\uaca9\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud574 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ud0c4\ub3c4\ubbf8\uc0ac\uc77c\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0ac\ud558\uace0 \uce74\ud0c0\ub974\uc758 \ubbf8\uad70 \uae30\uc9c0\ub97c \uacf5\uaca9\ud55c \ub4a4 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uad70\ubd80 \uace0\uc704 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\uc640 \ud575\uae30\uc220 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubc29\uacf5 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud30c\uad34\ub418\ub294 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2025\ub144 \uc774\ub780\uc774 \uacaa\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ud0c0\uaca9\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub780\uc758 \uc548\ubcf4 \uc804\ub7b5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub358 \uce5c\uc774\ub780 \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc57d\ud654\ub2e4. \uac00\uc790\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \ud5e4\uc988\ubcfc\ub77c\uac00 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\uac00 \uada4\uba78\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud06c\uac8c \uc57d\ud654\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub780\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc5b5\uc81c\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc774 \ud06c\uac8c \ucd95\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2024\ub144 12\uc6d4 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uc544\uc0ac\ub4dc \uc815\uad8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c0\uba70 \uc911\ub3d9\uc758 \uce5c\uc774\ub780 \uc9c4\uc601\uc740 \uc57d\ud654\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub294 2025\ub144 3\uc6d4 \uc784\uc2dc\ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub418\uace0 10\uc6d4 \ucd1d\uc120\uc744 \uce58\ub7ec \uc758\ud68c\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc120\uac70\ub294 \uc911\uc559\uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ubd81\ubd80 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uc9c0\uc5ed\uacfc \ub0a8\ubd80 \ub4dc\ub8e8\uc988\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uce58\ub7ec\uc838 \ub300\ud45c\uc131\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc548\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc54c\ub77c\uc704\ud30c \ud574\uc548 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uacfc \ub4dc\ub8e8\uc988\ud30c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ud3ed\ub825 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub294 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uce58\uc548 \uc720\uc9c0 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc644\uc804\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubd84\uc7c1\uacfc \ud3ed\ub825 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. 7\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \ub2e4\ub9c8\uc2a4\ucfe0\uc2a4\ub97c \uacf5\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uacf5\uc138\uc801 \ub300\uc678 \uc804\ub7b5\uc740 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uc548\ubcf4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc704\ud611\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud5e4\uc988\ubcfc\ub77c\uac00 \uc57d\ud654\ub41c \ub4a4 \ub808\ubc14\ub17c\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub825\uc744 \ub418\ucc3e\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. 1\uc6d4 \uc870\uc149 \uc544\uc6b4(Joseph Aoun)\uc744 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ud574 1\ub144 \ub118\uac8c \uc9c0\uc18d\ub41c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uacf5\uc11d \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub97c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud55c \ub4a4, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c \uad6c\uc870 \uac1c\ud601\uacfc \ud5e4\uc988\ubcfc\ub77c\uc758 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud574\uc81c\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc5d0 \ub098\uc130\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud5e4\uc988\ubcfc\ub77c\uac00 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \ubc18\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc911\uc559\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc5ed\ub7c9\ub3c4 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub418\uba70, \uae30\uc874 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \ub204\ub9b0 \uae30\ub4dd\uad8c\uce35\ub3c4 \uac1c\ud601\uc5d0 \ubc18\ubc1c\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub77c\ud06c\ub294 2025\ub144 11\uc6d4 \ucd1d\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\ud568\ub9c8\ub4dc \uc54c\uc218\ub2e4\ub2c8(Muhammad al-Sudani) \ucd1d\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uc7ac\uac74\uac1c\ubc1c\ub3d9\ub9f9(Reconstruction and Development Alliance)\uac00 \uc6d0\ub0b4 1\uc704\ub97c \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae30\uc131 \uc815\uce58\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ub77c\ud06c \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \ub192\uc740 \ubc18\uac10\uc740 56%\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud55c \uc800\uc870\ud55c \ud22c\ud45c\uc728\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub77c\ud06c \uc815\uce58\uc758 \uace0\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc778 \uc815\ud30c \uac04 \uad8c\ub825 \ub2e4\ud23c\uc73c\ub85c \ub0b4\uac01 \uad6c\uc131\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc624\ub79c \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac78\ub824 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\uc131\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub9dd\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] The Middle East in 2025: Israel and the Gaza […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2881,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2025-12-mena-focus"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2880"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2898,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2880\/revisions\/2898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wac.snuac.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}